Which research method is considered the most extreme form of positivistic research?

Experimental research is considered the most extreme form of positivistic research because it is characterized by its rigorous use of controlled variables, manipulation of independent variables, and emphasis on quantifiable data. This research method aligns with the principles of positivism, which prioritize objective measurement and observable phenomena.

In experimental research, researchers often use control groups and random assignment to establish causality. This approach allows for a high level of internal validity, as the researcher can isolate the effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable while reducing the influence of confounding factors. The focus on manipulation and measurement reflects a commitment to a scientific approach that seeks to uncover generalizable laws of behavior. This clear structure and methodological precision set experimental research apart as a strong embodiment of positivist philosophy.

Other research methods, while valuable, do not reach the same level of control and objectivity as experimental research. For instance, survey research, while useful for gathering large amounts of data, often relies on self-reported information which can introduce bias and limits the depth of causal inference. Ethnographic research embraces a qualitative lens, exploring social phenomena through detailed observation and interaction, which may provide rich insights but lacks the experimental rigor. Likewise, case study research offers an in-depth understanding of specific instances but does