Which of the following describes covert observation?

Covert observation is a research method where the researcher observes subjects without them being aware that they are being studied. This approach allows researchers to collect data in a natural setting without altering the behavior of the participants, which can occur if they know they are being observed. By not revealing their identity, researchers can minimize the risk of participants altering their natural behavior due to the presence of a researcher.

In contrast, openly discussing the researcher's role or seeking consent from participants aligns with overt observation methods, where researchers are transparent about their activities and gain permission to observe. Writing extensive reports before observing does not characterize covert observation, as this process is typically focused on the observation itself rather than preparatory documentation. Understanding these distinctions clarifies why not revealing the researcher's identity defines covert observation accurately.