How are quantitative research methods defined in sociology?

Quantitative research methods in sociology are defined as research approaches that analyze numerical data. This method typically involves the collection and analysis of data that can be quantified, which allows for statistical analysis and the testing of hypotheses. By using structured tools such as surveys with closed-ended questions, researchers can gather large amounts of data that can be easily compared and analyzed, providing a way to discern patterns or trends within a population.

The use of numerical data lends itself to a variety of statistical techniques, which can enhance the reliability and validity of the findings. This approach is especially valuable when researchers seek to establish relationships between variables or make predictions based on quantitative measures.

In contrast, methods relying on interviews and open-ended questions focus on qualitative data, emphasizing depth over breadth. Non-numerical data analysis typically refers to qualitative analysis where data such as text or images are interpreted rather than quantified, while approaches that incorporate anecdotal evidence focus on subjective accounts rather than objective measurements. Therefore, the emphasis on numerical data and statistical analysis is what fundamentally characterizes quantitative research methods in sociology.